Executive Summary Shareholder oppression and freeze-out disputes in closely held companies often turn on valuation. When minority owners are excluded from management, denied distributions, or forced out of employment, the…
Executive Summary Forecasts and projections often become the focal point in business valuation disputes because they shape the forward-looking earnings or cash flows that drive value—especially under income-based methods. In…
Executive Summary Business valuation is often a turning point in litigation. When the value conclusion is built on inconsistent inputs, incomplete records, or an unclear standard of value, the valuation…
Executive Summary In divorce, "business ownership" can be one of the most disputed assets because the value depends on far more than reported profits. Courts and counsel typically need to…
Business Valuation for Transaction Planning and Negotiation Support Executive Summary Business valuation is a practical tool for transaction planning and negotiation. It translates a company’s financial performance, risk, and growth…
How Discounts for Lack of Control and Marketability Affect Business Value in Litigation Executive Summary Discounts for lack of control (DLOC) and lack of marketability (DLOM) can materially change a…
Normalizing Owner Compensation in Business Valuation for Disputes Executive Summary Owner compensation is one of the most common (and most material) normalization adjustments in closely held business valuations. In disputes,…
Executive Summary Market-based valuation methods can be especially persuasive in disputes because they rely on observable pricing data from public markets and completed transactions. When applied correctly, guideline company approaches…
Executive Summary “Standard of value” is not just a valuation buzzword—it is often the hinge that determines which assumptions are allowed and which ones are off-limits in a dispute, transaction,…
Executive Summary Business valuation expertise becomes most important when a decision will turn on a number that must be defensible—whether that decision is a settlement, a court ruling, a buyout…
